Here are a few example of questions you might ask relating to time in Indonesian. I find these phrases very useful and locals will use these phrases with me on a daily basis.

What time is it? - Jam berapa?
How long? - Berapa lama?
It takes 10 minutes. - Itu hanya sepuluh menit.
When? What time does it start? - Kapan? Jam berapa mulai?
Earlier / already / ago/ recently - Tadi / sudah / yang lalu / baru-baru ini.
Now / once again / just now - Sekarang / sekali lagi / baru saja
Immediately / quick - Segera / cepat
Later / afterwards - Nanti / kemudian or sesudah
To be late / already late (in the day) - Terlambat / hari sudah siang
Not yet / nearly finished - Belum / hampir habis