Here are a few example of questions you might ask relating to time in Indonesian. I find these phrases very useful and locals will use these phrases with me on a daily basis.

What time is it? – Jam berapa?
How long? – Berapa lama?
It takes 10 minutes. – Itu hanya sepuluh menit.
When? What time does it start? – Kapan? Jam berapa mulai?
Earlier / already / ago/ recently – Tadi / sudah / yang lalu / baru-baru ini.
Now / once again / just now – Sekarang / sekali lagi / baru saja
Immediately / quick – Segera / cepat
Later / afterwards – Nanti / kemudian or sesudah
To be late / already late (in the day) – Terlambat / hari sudah siang
Not yet / nearly finished – Belum / hampir habis